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Simeon (Hebrew Bible)
According to the Book of Genesis, Simeon () was, the second son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Simeon. However, some Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an etiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation.〔''Peake's commentary on the Bible''〕 With Leah as a matriarch, Biblical scholars regard the tribe as having been believed by the text's authors to have been part of the original Israelite confederation, however, the tribe is absent from the parts of the Bible which textual scholars regard as the oldest (for example, the ancient Song of Deborah), and some scholars think that Simeon was not originally regarded as a distinct tribe.〔("Simeon, Tribe of", ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' )〕
==Simeon's name==
The text of the Torah says that the name of ''Simeon'' refers to Leah's belief that God had heard that Jacob preferred her sister, Rachel,〔Genesis 29:33〕 implying a derivation from the Hebrew term ''shama on'', meaning ''he has heard of my suffering''; this is a similar etymology as the Torah gives for the theophoric name ''Ishmael'' (''God has heard''),〔Genesis 16:11〕 implying that the names are cognate. The name is sometimes interpreted as meaning ''he who listens to the words of God'',〔Genesis Rabbah 61:4〕 and at other times thought to derive from ''sham 'in'', meaning ''there is sin'', which is argued to be a prophetic reference to Zimri's sexual miscegenation with a Midianite woman, a type of relationship which rabbinical sources regard as sinful.〔
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